Fusion of multifocus images by lattice structures

Image fusion methods based on multiscale transform (MST) suffer from high computational load due to the use of fast Fourier transforms (ffts) in the lowpass and highpass filtering steps. Lifting wavelet scheme which is based on second generation wavelets has been proposed as a solution to this issue. Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) is composed of split, prediction and update operations all implemented in the spatial domain using multiplications and additions, thus computation time is highly reduced. Since image fusion performance benefits from undecimated transform, it has later been extended to Stationary Lifting Wavelet Transform (SLWT). In this paper, we propose to use the lattice filter for the MST analysis step. Lattice filter is composed of analysis and synthesis parts where simultaneous lowpass and highpass operations are performed in spatial domain with the help of additions/multiplications and delay operations, in a recursive structure which increases robustness to noise. Since the original filter is designed for the undecimated case, we have developed undecimated lattice structures, and applied them to the fusion of multifocus images. Fusion results and evaluation metrics show that the proposed method has better performance especially with noisy images while having similar computational load with LSWT based fusion method.     

Time-frequency domain causality of prime building cost and macroeconomic indicators in Ghana: implications for project selection

According to the Ghana Statistical Service, construction activity generated US$3.8 billion in 2014, representing about 12.7% of nominal GDP. A key factor that most investors in the construction sector consider in project selection is cost which has escalated over the years. Therefore, we examine the co-movements and causality in the time and frequency domains between the prime building cost index (PBCI) and its disaggregates on one hand and inflation and exchange rate on the other hand in Ghana. The findings revealed that the degree of co-movement between PBCI and inflation was significant at the 5% level and occurred over the long-run, indicating that construction cost drives inflation. The degree of co-movement between the prime build cost index and exchange rate occurred within the short term. These co-movements have policy implications for substituting inflation and exchange rates in project costing by investors in Ghana. The co-movement between the PBCI and inflation in the medium to higher frequencies suggests that inflation risk-averse investors should consider short-term projects. Again, the short to medium frequency co-movements between the PBCI and exchange rate indicates that investors should consider exchange rate risk in long-term projects.     

Synthesis of a non-integer periodic function generator of a four-bar mechanism using a Haar wavelet

In this study, a synthesis method for a non-integer periodic function generator of a four-bar mechanism using a Haar wavelet is presented. Using wavelet theory, the mathematical model for the output of a four-bar mechanism is established. Next, the characteristics of the four-bar mechanism output variable are described by the wavelet feature parameters; the relationship of the wavelet feature parameters between the output and its translation or dilation is also investigated. Based on this finding, three numerical atlas databases comprising of 203,500 groups of basic dimensional types of planar four-bar mechanisms, 148,995 groups of basic dimensional types of spherical four-bar mechanism and 11,175 groups of basic dimensional types of planar slider–crank mechanism are compiled. According to the internal relationship between the wavelet feature parameters, the sizes of the objective mechanism can be obtained using fuzzy recognition. Based on a genetic algorithm, optimization of the link parameters can be realized. Three examples are presented to demonstrate the efficacy and practicality of the proposed theory.     

旋转电弧MAG焊强迫短路过渡电流信号滤波

研究了MAG焊旋转电弧V形坡口扫描焊接电流的变化特征,发现当电弧扫描到坡口两侧时,由于电极高度变小,会产生强迫短路熔滴过渡.在短路过渡的瞬间会产生较大的峰值电流,对旋转电弧传感器的检测灵敏度造成影响.为此提出了基于空间邻域的均值滤波和软阈值小波滤波组合算法,对实际焊接电流信号进行了滤波处理,并研究了该算法的实时性.结果表明,该算法可以使电流波形得到明显的改善,并具有较强的实时性,为焊枪偏差识别奠定了基础.     

A mixture of experts for classifying sleep apneas

This paper presents a novel approach for classifying sleep apneas into one of the three basic types: obstructive, central and mixed. The goal is to overcome the problems encountered in previous work and improve classification accuracy. The proposed model uses a new classification approach based on the characteristics that each type of apnea presents in different segments of the signal. The model is based on the error correcting output code and it is formed by a combination of artificial neural networks experts where their inputs are the coefficients obtained by a discrete wavelet decomposition applied to the raw samples of the apnea in the thoracic effort signal. The input coefficients received for each network were determined by a feature selection method (support vector machine recursive feature elimination). In order to train and test the systems, 120 events from six different patients were used. The true error rate was estimated using a 10-fold cross validation. The results presented in this work were averaged over 10 different simulations and a multiple comparison procedure was used for model selection. The mean test accuracy obtained was 90.27% ± 0.79, and the values for each class apnea were 94.62% (obstructive), 95.47% (central) and 90.45% (mixed). Up to the authors’ knowledge, the proposed classifier surpasses all previous results.     

面向自适应码流的渐进编码方法的研究

多媒体信息呈几何级数的爆炸性增长,带来海量信息的同时也带来庞大的数据量,加重了网络的负担,同时不同用户对所要接收图像的质量要求有所不同,如果以相同的标准进行处理势必会造成一定程度上信息的浪费。文章对静止图像的渐进编码作了进一步的研究,对基本层和增强层采用不同的编码策略,更加适应网络复杂多变的带宽条件。文章还通过与用户之间的交互式操作来满足用户不同的需求。实验结果表明,在压缩效果达到JPEG压缩标准的情况下,增强了渐进功能,更加适应网络需要。     

数字信号处理的时频分析方法综述

现代数字信号处理方法众多,时频分析在此领域应用广泛并仍然具有发展潜力。介绍了数字信号处理的时频分析方法的发展,从短时傅里叶变换,到Wigner-Ville分布,小波变换,希尔伯特-黄变换,EEMD,分别论述了5种方法的原理以及优缺点。     

Development of Acoustic Leak Detection and Localization Methods for Inlet Piping of Fugen Nuclear Power Plant

The development work carried out on Fugen NPP is focused on detection of a small leakage on the reactor's inlet feeder pipes at an early stage by an acoustic leak detection method with usage of high-temperature resistant microphones. Specifically, the leak rate of 0.046 m³/h has been chosen as a target detection capability for this system. A cross-correlation technique has been studied for leak detection under low signal-noise ratios. The study shows that the sound diffusion on piping causes distortion of leak signals that results in their low correlation. A leak-location estimator and multi-channel correlation value, associated with estimated leak position, have been employed to detect such low-correlated leak signals. A method based on cross-correlation of signal spectral components has been proposed to deal with non-stationary leak signals. Joint-Time-Frequency-Analysis has been applied to analyze such signals, whilst a Wavelet decomposition technique has been used to extract their short-term spectral fluctuations. Since the spectral components are less affected by signal distortion, they provide higher correlation value and can be applied for leak detection under lower signal-noise ratios. The possibility of detecting and locating a small leakage by the methods proposed has been demonstrated by a number of simulation tests conducted on the Fugen NPP site.     

基于小波变换的风电机组滚动轴承故障KPI计算及故障诊断

风电机组一般采用滚动轴承支撑结构,滚动轴承不同故障模式对应的振动冲击间隔频率存在差异。为了准确地从振动信号中提取滚动轴承故障征兆,在分析风电机组滚动轴承故障机理、信号特征的基础上,提出了基于小波变换的风电机组滚动轴承故障KPI计算方法,首先对风电机组的振动信号进行小波变换及阈值去噪,并计算振动信号的小波能量谱分布图,然后以小波能量谱分布图的统计参数作为滚动轴承故障诊断的KPI,采用椭圆型判决函数法实现滚动轴承的故障诊断,现场实测信号的诊断结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

A computational method for solving optimal control and parameter estimation of linear systems using Haar wavelets

In this article, a computational method based on Haar wavelet in time-domain for solving the problem of optimal control of the linear time invariant systems for any finite time interval is proposed. Haar wavelet integral operational matrix and the properties of Kronecker product are utilized to find the approximated optimal trajectory and optimal control law of the linear systems with respect to a quadratic cost function by solving only the linear algebraic equations. It is shown that parameter estimation of linear system can be done easily using the idea proposed. On the basis of Haar function properties, the results of the article, which include the time information, are illustrated in two examples.